RESUMO
Renal injury induced by rheumatoid arthritis is not clear and may be related to the angiotensin II. We aim to investigate the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) injury in rat kidney, focusing the angiotensin II/AT1 pathway. Male Wistar rats were allocated in to three groups: Control, AIA and AIA plus losartan. The AIA was induced by injection of 100 µL of an emulsion of dissected Mycobacterium tuberculosis (50 mg/mL) on the paw. Treatment with losartan was initiated on the first day of immunization (daily subcutaneous injection, 1 mg/kg). After 60 days post immunization, we evaluated kidney function by plasma creatinine, urea and uric acid levels and creatinine depuration; kidney injury by apoptosis analysis and inflammation markers such as macrophages, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression; oxidative stress by plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); renal expression of angiotensin receptors subtype 1 (AT1 ) and 2 (AT2 ) and plasma concentration of angiotensin II. AIA rats showed elevated plasma levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, TBARS and Ang II and reduced creatinine depuration, and enhanced kidney macrophage number, TGF-ß, caspase-3, iNOS and AT1 /AT2 receptors expression. The losartan reduced plasma creatinine and its clearance, reduced macrophages and the expression of TGF-ß and iNOS in renal tissues, and reduced plasma TBARS. We conclude that AIA causes kidney injury by a physiopathological mechanism that involves AT1 stimulation in renal tissue, elevating the presence of macrophages, the expression of TGF-ß and iNOS, as well the local oxidative stress, which contribute to renal function deterioration.
Assuntos
LosartanRESUMO
O presente estudo investigou o uso da cito-(73,0 por cento), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (6,0 por cento), Streptococlogia aspirativa com agulha fina no diagnóstico da lin-cus spp. β hemolítico (5,0 por cento) e Escherichia coli (4,0 por cento) fadenite em ovinos e a ocorrência de microrganismos foram os microrganismos mais frequentes nos animais nos linfonodos com lesões, com ênfase no isolamento de com linfadenite. Streptococcus spp. (21,0 por cento) e Staphylo-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Foram utilizados coccus spp. (7,0 por cento) foram as bactérias isoladas com 100 linfonodos de ovinos com aumento de volume su-maior frequência nos linfonodos sem lesões colhidos em gestivos de linfadenite e 100 linfonodos de ovinos sem abatedouro. A punção aspirativa com agulha fina perlesões, colhidos em abatedouro. C. pseudotuberculosis mitiu identificar microrganismos "corineformes" em 79 (79,0 por cento) animais com linfadenite e, destes, 73 (73,0 por cento) foram identificados como C. pseudotuberculosis. Nenhuma linhagem de C. pseudotuberculosis foi isolada dos linfonodos dos animais sem lesões. Concluiu-se que C. pseudotuberculosis foi o microrganismo mais freqüente nos ovinos com linfadenite, e que a citologia aspirativa pode ser utilizada como método de triagem no diagnóstico da linfadenite caseosa ovina.
The fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of lymphadenitis in sheep, and occurrence of microorganisms in the lymph nodes, with emphasis to identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were investigated. One hundred sheep with lymphadenitis and 100 lymph nodes without lesions collected from sheep in slaughterhouses were evaluated. C. pseudotuberculosis (73.0 percent), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (6.0 percent), Streptococcus spp. β hemolytic (5.0) and Escherichia coli (4.0 percent) were the more frequent causal agents in sheep with lymphadenitis. Streptococcus spp. (21.0 percent) and Staphylococcus spp. (7.0 percent) were the more common microorganisms identified in lymph nodes without lesions sampled in slaughterhouse. Fine needle aspiration enable identify 79 (79.0 percent) microorganisms with "corynebacteria" aspect in sheep with lymphadenitis. From these, 73 (73.0 percent) were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis. None strain of C. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from lymph nodes of animals without lesions. The results showed the high frequency of C. pseudotuberculosis in sheep with lymphadenitis, and possibility the use of fine needle aspiration in initial diagnosis of lymphadenitis in sheep.
